17.05.2007
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17.05.2007

Nature 447, 295-298 (17 May 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature05803; Received 22 December 2006; Accepted 30 March 2007



Electronic measurement and control of spin transport in silicon


Ian Appelbaum1, Biqin Huang1 & Douwe J. Monsma2



  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
  2. Cambridge NanoTech Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA


Correspondence to: Ian Appelbaum1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to I.A. (Email: appelbaum@ee.udel.edu).





The spin lifetime and diffusion length of electrons are transport parameters that define the scale of coherence in spintronic devices and circuits. As these parameters are many orders of magnitude larger in semiconductors than in metals1, 2, semiconductors could be the most suitable for spintronics. So far, spin transport has only been measured in direct-bandgap semiconductors3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or in combination with magnetic semiconductors, excluding a wide range of non-magnetic semiconductors with indirect bandgaps. Most notable in this group is silicon, Si, which (in addition to its market entrenchment in electronics) has long been predicted a superior semiconductor for spintronics with enhanced lifetime and transport length due to low spin–orbit scattering and lattice inversion symmetry10, 11, 12. Despite this promise, a demonstration of coherent spin transport in Si has remained elusive, because most experiments focused on magnetoresistive devices; these methods fail because of a fundamental impedance mismatch between ferromagnetic metal and semiconductor13, and measurements are obscured by other magnetoelectronic effects14. Here we demonstrate conduction-band spin transport across 10 mum undoped Si in a device that operates by spin-dependent ballistic hot-electron filtering through ferromagnetic thin films for both spin injection and spin detection. As it is not based on magnetoresistance, the hot-electron spin injection and spin detection avoids impedance mismatch issues and prevents interference from parasitic effects. The clean collector current shows independent magnetic and electrical control of spin precession, and thus confirms spin coherent drift in the conduction band of silicon.



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  • Harton Vladislav Vadim  honorary member of ISSC science council

  • Lichtenstain Alexandr Iosif  honorary member of ISSC science council

  • Novikov Dimirtii Leonid  honorary member of ISSC science council

  • Yakushev Mikhail Vasilii  honorary member of ISSC science council

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